Myths about Hunter-Gatherers

The myths about hunter-gatherers are exposed in this excellent article:

William Buckner, “Romanticizing the Hunter-Gatherer,” Quillette, December 16, 2017
http://quillette.com/2017/12/16/romanticizing-hunter-gatherer/

Buckner points out that many of these myths were first promulgated in a conference called “Man the Hunter” (held at the Center for Continuing Education, University of Chicago, from 6–9 April, 1966) in a paper by Richard B. Lee (Lee 1968) on the !Kung people of the Kalahari Desert (also called the Bushmen or the San people).

Lee’s (1968) work was taken up by the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins in his book Stone Age Economics (1974) (2nd edn. Sahlins 2004), in which he called Stone Age hunter-gatherers the “original affluent society.”

This idealised view of hunter-gatherer societies was based on the work of Lee (1968), and has recently been elaborated by James C. Scott’s Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States (2017), and James Suzman’s Affluence without Abundance: The Disappearing World of the Bushmen (2017).

The Cultural Leftist and Liberal media have pushed these books and their skewed view of hunter-gatherer societies.

Buckner, reviewing the scholarly literature, points out the lies and myths of these new romanticised views of hunter-gatherers

(1) subsequent work has shown that hunger and malnutrition are prevalent in modern hunter-gatherer societies, and the notion that ancient hunter-gatherer communities, which would have been similar to modern ones, were “affluent societies” absurd (Howell 1986; Harpending and Wandsnider 1982; Konner and Shostak 1986; Silberbauer 1981).

(2) modern hunter-gatherers have horrifically high infant mortality rates and low life expectancy at birth, which ranges from 21 to 36 years. (Lee 1993; Howell 1979; Headland 1988; Gurven and Kaplan 2007; Migliano et al. 2007), and we should expect that this was true of Stone Age hunter-gatherers.

(3) the mobile nature of the hunter-gatherer lifestyle means that hunter-gatherers are vulnerable to the pathogens of different regions, and have difficulty evolving resistance to such pathogens. This should be true of ancient hunter-gatherers too.

(4) the extent of equality in hunter-gatherer communities is exaggerated (Gurven 2004; Smith et al. 2011; Smith 2004), though it is less than in most agricultural societies. There is no compelling reason to think ancient hunter-gatherer communities were different.

(5) as Darwinian theory would predict, successful male hunters tend to be accorded high status and have much greater reproductive success in hunter-gatherer communities through polygamy, far more than in modern advanced societies (Brown et al. 2009; Binford 2001).

(6) hunter-gatherer communities are not some models of gender equality (Tonkinson 1978; Hill et al. 2007; Hurtado and Hill 1996; Divale et al. 1976; Hewlett 1991; Rasmussen 1931), but men seem to consistently have higher status, and women inferior status.

(7) Kelly (2013) finds that homicide rates of hunter-gatherer societies are far higher than most modern nation states.

So, all in all, hunter-gatherer quality of life is markedly inferior to that of modern industrialised societies, and the modern Left continue to promulgate myths about these societies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Binford, Lewis R. 2001. Constructing Frames of Reference: An Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building using Hunter-Gatherer and Environmental Data Sets. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Brown, G. R., Laland, K. N. and M. B. Mulder. 2009. “Bateman’s Principles and Human Sex Roles,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 297–304.

Divale, William and Marvin Harris. 1976. “Population, Warfare and the Male Supremacist Complex,” American Anthropologist 78: 521–538.

Edgerton, Robert B. 1992. Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony. Free Press, New York and Oxford.

Gurven, M. 2004. “To give and to give not: The Behavioral Ecology of Human Food Transfers,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27.4: 543–559.

Gurven, Michael and Hillard Kaplan. 2007. “Longevity among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Examination,” Population and Development Review 33.2: 321–365.

Harpending, H. and L. Wandsnider. 1982. “Population Structure of Ghanzi and Ngamiland !Kung,” Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics 2: 29–50.

Headland, T. N. 1988. “Ecosystemic Change in a Philippine Tropical Rainforest and its Effect on a Negrito Foraging Society,” Tropical Ecology 29: 121–135.

Hewlett, Barry. 1991. “Demography and Childcare in Preindustrial Societies,” Journal of Anthropological Research 47.1: 1–38.

Hill, Kim and A. Magdalena Hurtado. 1996. Ache Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.

Howell, Nancy. 1979. Demography of the Dobe !Kung. Academic Press, New York and London.

Howell, N. 1986. “Feedback and Buffers in Relation to Scarcity and Abundance: Studies of Hunter-Gatherer Populations,” in D. Coleman and R. Schofield (eds.), The State of Population Theory. Basil Blackwell, New York. 156–187.

Hurtado A. M. and R. S. Walker. 2007. “High Adult Mortality among Hiwi Hunter-Gatherers: Implications for Human Evolution,” Journal of Human Evolution 52: 443–454.

Kaplan, David. 2000. “The Darker Side of the ‘Original Affluent Society,’” Journal of Anthropological Research 56.3: 301–324.

Keeley, Lawrence H. 1996. War before Civilization. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.

Kelly, Robert L. 2013. “From the Peaceful to the Warlike: Ethnographic and Archaeological Insights into Hunter-Gatherer Warfare and Homicide,” in Douglas P. Fry (ed.), War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary and Cultural Views. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 301–315.

Konner, M. and M. Shostak. 1986. “Ethnographic Romanticism and the Idea of Human Nature: Parallels between Samoa and !Kung San,” in M. Biesele, R. Gordon, and R. Lee (eds.), The Past and Future of !Kung Ethnography: Critical Reflections and Symbolic Perspectives: Essays in Honour of Lorna Marshall. Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg. 69– 76.

Lee, Richard. 1968. “What Hunters Do for a Living or How to Make Out on Scarce Resources,” in Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore (eds.), Man the Hunter. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago. 30–48.

Lee, Richard B. 1993. The Dobe Ju/’hoansi (2nd edn.). Harcourt Brace College, Fort Worth and London.

Lee, Richard B. 2013. The Dobe Ju/’hoansi (4th edn.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA. 294 p.

Migliano, A. B., Vinicius, L. and M. M. Lahr. 2007. “Life History Trade-Offs explain the Evolution of Human Pygmies,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 20216–20219.

Pinker, Steven. 2011. The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence has Declined. Viking, New York, NY.

Rasmussen, Knud. 1931. The Netsilik Eskimos: Social Life and Spiritual Culture. Gyldendalske Boghandel, Copenhagen.

Sahlins, Marshall. 1974. Stone Age Economics. Tavistock Publications, London.

Sahlins, Marshall David. 2004. Stone Age Economics (2nd edn.). Routledge, London.

Scott, James C. 2017. Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Silberbauer, George B. 1981. Hunter and Habitat in the central Kalahari Desert. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Smith, E. A. 2004. “Why do good Hunters have higher Reproductive Success?,” Human Nature 15: 343–364.

Smith, E. A., Hill, K., Marlowe, F. W., Wiessner, P., Gurven, M., Bowles, S., Borgerhoff Mulder, M., Hertz, T. and A. Bell. 2011. “Wealth Transmission and Inequality among Hunter-Gatherers,” Current Anthropology 51: 19–34.

Suzman, James. 2017. Affluence without Abundance: The Disappearing World of the Bushmen. Bloomsbury, New York.

Tonkinson, R. 1978. The Mardudjara Aborigines: Living the Dream in Australia’s Desert. Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, New York.

Tacey, I. and D. Riboli. 2014. “Violence, Fear and Anti-Violence: The Batek of Peninsular Malaysia,” Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 6: 203–215.

Charles de Gaulle’s Hate Speech

Charles de Gaulle – leader of Free France (1940–1944), head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946) and President of France from 1958–1959 – had a serious problem with hate speech.

From a speech General de Gaulle gave on 5 March, 1959:

“C’est très bien qu’il y ait des Français jaunes, des Français noirs, des Français bruns. Ils montrent que la France est ouverte à toutes les races et qu’elle a une vocation universelle. Mais à condition qu’ils restent une petite minorité. Sinon, la France ne serait plus la France. Nous sommes quand même avant tout un peuple européen de race blanche, de culture grecque et latine et de religion chrétienne. …. Les Arabes sont des Arabes, les Français sont des Français. Vous croyez que le corps français peut absorber dix millions de musulmans, qui demain seront vingt millions, après demain quarante? Si nous faisions l’intégration, si tous les Arabes et les Berbères d’Algérie étaient considérés comme des Français, les empêcheriez-vous de venir s’installer en métropole, alors que le niveau de vie y est tellement plus élevé? Mon village ne s’appellerait plus Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises mais Colombey-les-Deux-Mosquées.” http://www.danielpipes.org/13279/enoch-powell-charles-de-gaulle

An English translation:
“It’s very good that there are yellow French, black French, brown French. They show that France is open to all races and has a universal vocation. But it is good on the condition that they remain a small minority. Otherwise, France would no longer be France. We are still above all a white European people, of Greek and Latin culture and of Christian religion. .... Arabs are Arabs, the French are French. Do you think the French body politic can absorb ten million Muslims, who tomorrow will be twenty million, after tomorrow forty? If we integrated, if all the Arabs and Berbers of Algeria were considered French, would you prevent them from settling in France, where the standard of living is so much higher? My village would no longer be called Colombey-the-Two-Churches but Colombey-the-Two-Mosques.”

What General de Gaulle said here is entirely reasonable, and correct.

And we can bet that virtually all the French and British men who fought Nazi Germany in the Second World War would have thought the same way about their countries.

Did the men who defeated Nazism fight to transform Britain and France more and more into majority Muslim nations? Did they fight fascists to have vicious hate speech laws imposed on Britain and France a generation later, which may as well be de facto Islamic blasphemy laws?

Today, if a British or French politician said what de Gaulle said, they would probably be viciously persecuted with hate speech crime and called “Nazis” by large numbers of truly sick and evil people on the Left and multicultural Right.

The Cultural Left is an International Joke

Over in China, where they have an ancient and healthy civilisation and culture, the Chinese recognise the stupidity, ignorance, hypocrisy, and suicidal insanity of the Western Cultural Left:



The Chinese are laughing at us as we destroy our civilisation because of the policies demanded by the multicultural, self-hating, cancerous Cultural Left, policies which, these days, are also often strongly supported by the equally disgusting mainstream multicultural Conservatives (who simply combine Cultural Leftism with free market economics).

Sargon of Akkad on Trump’s Tweets showing Islamist Violence

And the insanity of the British political and media elite. Another great video from Sargon of Akkad:

Bibliography on Post Keynesian Economics (Updated)

The updated bibliography below provides a list of the most important books and articles on various topics within Post Keynesian economics.

It is divided into the following sections (and there are now links to each section):

(1) Introductory Studies
(2) Advanced Overviews and Specialised Studies
(3) History of Post Keynesian Economics
(4) Methodology
(5) Uncertainty
(6) Endogenous Money
(7) Fiscal Policy
(8) Inflation
(9) Price Theory
(10) Trade Theory
(11) Against Wicksellian Loanable Funds Theory
(12) Kaldor’s Growth Laws and Verdoorn’s Law
(13) Thirlwall’s Law
(14) Cambridge Capital Controversies
(15) On the Work of George L. S. Shackle
(16) On the Work of Hyman Minsky
(17) Bibliography of Nicholas Kaldor’s Work
(18) Alfred Mitchell Innes and the Credit Theory of Money
(19) On the Work of Paul Davidson.

This is a work in progress. I am not claiming it is exhaustive by any means. There are plenty of additional categories that could be included.

Also note the following important academic journals for technical and professional Post Keynesian economics literature:

(1) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics
(2) Review of Keynesian Economics
(3) Cambridge Journal of Economics
(4) Real World Economics Review
(5) Review of Radical Political Economics

Also see the Post Keynesian Economics Study Group:

Post Keynesian Economics Study Group (PKSG)

There is also a comprehensive Post Keynesian Economics Study Group Reading list here.

In my bibliography below, sections (1) and (2) are in chronological order for the moment. All other sections are in alphabetical order.

Suggestions are welcome.

Post Keynesian Economics Bibliography(1) Introductory Studies
This items in this section are in chronological order.
Davidson, Paul. 2009. The Keynes Solution: The Path to Global Economic Prosperity (1st edn). Palgrave Macmillan, New York and Basingstoke.

Lavoie, Marc. 2009. Introduction to Post-Keynesian Economics (2nd rev. edn.). Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Skidelsky, R. J. A. 2010. Keynes: The Return of the Master (rev. and updated edn.). Penguin, London.

Hayes, Mark. 2010. “The Post Keynesian (Policy) Difference,”
http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/mgh37/Hayes191010.pdf

Skidelsky, Robert. 2011. “The Relevance of Keynes,” January 17
http://www.skidelskyr.com/site/article/the-relevance-of-keynes/

Skidelsky, Robert. 2011. “The Relevance of Keynes,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 35.1: 1–13.

King, J. E. 2012. The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
This is the second and updated edition of this work (1st edn. King 2003) that gives excellent short essays and overviews of all major subjects in Post Keynesian economics. This is a splendid first port of call for any research, especially for the beginner.

Wray, L. Randall. 2012. Modern Money Theory: A Primer on Macroeconomics for Sovereign Monetary Systems. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

King, John E. 2015. Advanced Introduction to Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

(2) Advanced Overviews and Specialised Studies
This items in this section are in chronological order

Keynes, J. M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Macmillan, London.

Keynes, J. M. 1937. “The General Theory of Employment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 51 (February): 209–222.

Tarshis, Lorie. 1947. The Elements of Economics: An Introduction to the Theory of Price and Employment. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

Robinson, J. and J. Eatwell. 1973. An Introduction to Modern Economics. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead.

Galbraith, John Kenneth. 1978. “On Post Keynesian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 1.1: 8–11.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1985. Economics Without Equilibrium. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Pheby, J. (ed.), 1989. New Directions in Post-Keynesian Economics. Elgar, Aldershot.

Targetti, F. and A. P. Thirlwall (eds), 1989. The Essential Kaldor. Duckworth, London.

Eichner, Alfred S. 1991. The Macrodynamics of Advanced Market Economies (rev. edn), M. E. Sharpe, Armonk.

Arestis, Philip. 1992. The Post-Keynesian Approach to Economics: An Alternative Analysis of Economic Theory and Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, Aldershot, Hants, England.

Arestis, Philip. 1994. Post-Keynesian Approach to Economics: Alternative Analysis of Economic Theory and Policy (new edn.), Edward Elgar Publishing.

Lavoie, Marc. 1992. Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economic Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, Aldershot, UK.

Davidson, P. (ed.). 1993. Can the Free Market Pick Winners?: What Determines Investment. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Lavoie, Marc. 1994. Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economic Analysis (new edn), Edward Elgar Publishing.

Davidson, Paul. 1994. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century. Edward Elgar Publishing, Aldershot.

Palley, Thomas I. 1996. Post Keynesian Economics: Debt, Distribution, and the Macro Economy. St. Martin’s Press, New York.

Holt, R. P. F. 2001. A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York.

Keen, S. 2001. Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences. Zed Books, New York and London.

Davidson, P. 2002. Financial Markets, Money, and the Real World. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

King (ed.), J. E. 2003. The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northhampton, MA.

Gnos, C. and L.-P. Rochon (eds). 2005. Post-Keynesian Principles of Economic Policy., Edward Elgar, Norhthampton, MA.

Hayes, Mark. 2006. The Economics of Keynes: A New Guide to The General Theory. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Pasinetti, Luigi L. 2007. Keynes and the Cambridge Keynesians: A ‘Revolution in Economics’ to be Accomplished. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Holt, R. P. F. and S. Pressman (eds). 2007. Empirical Post Keynesian Economics: Looking at the Real World. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y. and London.

Tily, Geoff. 2007. Keynes Betrayed: Keynes’s General Theory, The Rate of Interest and Keynesian Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

Godley, Wynne and Marc Lavoie. 2007. Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, N.Y.

Minsky, H. P. 2008 [1975]. John Maynard Keynes. McGraw-Hill, New York and London.

Mitchell, William and Joan Muysken. 2008. Full Employment Abandoned: Shifting Sands and Policy Failures. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Davidson, Paul. 2009. John Maynard Keynes (rev. edn.). Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Hein, Eckhard and Engelbert Stockhammer (eds.). 2011. A Modern Guide to Keynesian Macroeconomics and Economic Policies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
A recent collection of essays on many different subjects.

Keen, Steve. 2011. Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor Dethroned? (rev. and expanded edn.). Zed Books, London and New York.
This is the revised and updated version of Keen’s earlier work (Keen 2001).

Davidson, Paul. 2011. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century (2nd edn). Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.

Harcourt, G. C. and Peter Kriesler (eds.). 2013. The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 1: Theory and Origins. Oxford University Press, New York.

Harcourt, G. C. and Peter Kriesler (eds.). 2013. The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 2: Critiques and Methodology. Oxford University Press, New York.
A two volume collection of essays and advanced overviews of many different issues in Post Keynesian economics.

Lee, Frederic S. and Marc Lavoie (eds.). 2013. In Defense of post-Keynesian and Heterodox Economics: Responses to their Critics. Routledge, London.

Jespersen, Jesper and Mogens Ove Madsen (eds.). 2013. Teaching Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
A collection of papers by leading Post Keynesian economists.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
This is the newly updated and expanded version of Lavoie’s earlier work (Lavoie 1992). It runs to 680 pages, and is possibly the best and most authoritative work available.

Davidson, Paul. 2015. Post Keynesian Theory and Policy: A Realistic Analysis of the Market Oriented Capitalist Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK.

Mitchell, Bill and L. Randall Wray. 2016. Modern Monetary Theory and Practice: An Introductory Text. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
See also here.

Halevi, Joseph, Harcourt, G. C., Kriesler, Peter and John Nevile. 2016. Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under. Theory and Policy in an Historical Context. Volume I: Essays on Keynes, Harrod and Kalecki. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Halevi, Joseph, Harcourt, G. C., Kriesler, Peter and John Nevile. 2016. Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under. Volume II: Essays on Policy and Applied Economics. Theory and Policy in an Historical Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Halevi, Joseph, Harcourt, G. C., Kriesler, Peter and John Nevile. 2016. Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under. Volume III: Essays on Ethics, Social Justice and Economics. Theory and Policy in an Historical Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Halevi, Joseph, Harcourt, G. C., Kriesler, Peter and John Nevile. 2016. Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under. Volume IV: Essays on Theory. Theory and Policy in an Historical Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Wray, L. Randall. 2016. Why Minsky Matters: An Introduction to the Work of a Maverick Economist. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Pilkington, Philip. 2016. The Reformation in Economics: A Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Economic Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland.

(3) History of Post Keynesian Economics
Ambrosi, Gerhard Michael. 2003. Keynes, Pigou and Cambridge Keynesians: Authenticity and Analytical Perspective in the Keynes-Classics Debate. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Arestis, P. 1996. “Post-Keynesian Economics: Towards Coherence,” Cambridge journal of Economics 20.1: 111–135.

Arestis, Philip, Dunn, Stephen P. and Malcolm Sawyer. 1999. “Post Keynesian Economics and its Critics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.4: 527–549.

Davidson, Paul. 2003–2004. “Setting the Record Straight on ‘A History of Post Keynesian Economics,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.2 245–272.

Davidson, Paul. 2005. “Galbraith and the Post Keynesians,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.1: 103–113.

Davidson, Paul. 2005. “Responses to Lavoie, King, and Dow on what Post Keynesianism is and who is a Post Keynesian,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 393–408.

Davidson, Paul. 2013. “Keynesian Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economics,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 1: Theory and Origins. Oxford University Press, New York. 122–137.

Dunn, S. P. 2000. “Wither Post Keynesianism?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.3: 343–364.

Earl, P. E. and Stephen F. Frowen (eds). 2000. Economics as an Art of Thought: Essays in Memory of G.L.S. Shackle. Routledge, London.

Fontana, Giuseppe. 2005. “‘A History of Post Keynesian Economics since 1936’: Some Hard (and not so Hard) Questions for the Future,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 409–421.

Hamouda, O. F. and Geoffrey Colin Harcourt. 1988. “Post-Keynesianism: From Criticism to Coherence?,” Bulletin of Economic Research 40.1: 1–33.

Hamouda, O. F. and Geoffrey Colin Harcourt. 2003 [1988]. “Post-Keynesianism: From Criticism to Coherence?,” in Claudio Sardoni (ed.), On Political Economists and Modern Political Economy: Selected Essays of G. C. Harcourt. Routledge, London. 209–232.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1979. Joan Robinson: Portrait of a Lady. University of Adelaide Economics Department, Adelaide.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1993. Post-Keynesian Essays in Biography: Portraits of Twentieth-Century Political Economists. Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 2001. “Joan Robinson and her Circle,” History of Economic Ideas 9: 59–71.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 2001. “Post-Keynesian Thought,” in G. C. Harcourt, 50 Years a Keynesian and Other Essays. Palgrave, London. 263–285.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 2003. “Cambridge Economic Tradition,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 44–51.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 2012. “Cambridge Economic Tradition,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 61–68.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 2006. The Structure of Post-Keynesian Economics: The Core Contributions of the Pioneers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin and Prue Kerr. 2009. Joan Robinson. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.

Hayes, M. G. 2010. “The Fault Line between Keynes and the Cambridge Keynesians: A Review Essay,” Review of Political Economy 22:1: 151–160.

King, J. E. 1994. Conversations with Post Keynesians. Macmillan, Basingstoke.

King, J. E. 1997. “Notes on the History of Post Keynesian Economics in Australia,” in P. Arestis, G. Palma and M. C. Sawyer (eds.), Capital Controversy, Post Keynesian Economics and the History of Economic Theory: Essays in Honour of Geoff Harcourt (vol. 1). Routledge, London and New York. 298–309.

King, J. E. 2002. A History of Post Keynesian Economics since 1936. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA.

King, J. E. 2005. “Unwarping the Record: A Reply to Paul Davidson,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 377–384.

King, J. E. 2009. Nicholas Kaldor. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York.

King, J. E. 2012. “Post Keynesians and Others,” Review of Political Economy 24.2: 305–319.

Kregel, Jan. 2013. “A Personal View of the Origins of Post-Keynesian Ideas in the History of Economics,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 1: Theory and Origins. Oxford University Press, New York. 45–50.

Lavoie, Marc. 2005. “Changing Definitions: A Comment on Davidson’s Critique of King’s History of Post Keynesianism,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 371–376.

Lavoie, Marc. 2010. “Should Sraffian economics be dropped out of the Post-Keynesian School?,” Paper prepared for the Conference at the University of Roma Tre, 2–4 December.
http://host.uniroma3.it/eventi/sraffaconference2010/abstracts/pp_lavoie.pdf

Lavoie, Marc. 2011. “History and Methods of Post-Keynesian Economics,” in Eckhard Hein and Engelbert Stockhammer (eds.), A Modern Guide to Keynesian Macroeconomics and Economic Policies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 1–33.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. “To which of the Five Streams of Post-Keynesianism does John King belong?”
http://www.vu.edu.au/sites/default/files/cses/pdfs/lavoie-paper.pdf

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. pp. 38–47.

Lee, Frederic S. 2009. A History of Heterodox Economics: Challenging the Mainstream in the Twentieth Century. Routledge, London and New York.

Mongiovi, G. 2003. “Sraffian Economics,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 318–322.

Pasinetti, L. L. 2005. “The Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 29.6: 837–848.

Pasinetti, Luigi L. 2007. Keynes and the Cambridge Keynesians: A ‘Revolution in Economics’ to be Accomplished. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Roncaglia, A. 1991. “The Sraffian Schools,” Review of Political Economy 3.2: 187–220.

Skidelsky, R. J. A. 1983. John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed 1883–1920 (vol. 1). Macmillan, London.

Skidelsky, R. J. A. 1992. John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920–1937 (vol. 2). Macmillan, London.

Skidelsky, R. J. A. 2000. John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain 1937–1946 (vol. 3), Macmillan, London.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1987. Nicholas Kaldor. Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton, England.

Tily, Geoff. 2010. Keynes Betrayed: The General Theory, the Rate of Interest and ‘Keynesian’ Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Tymoigne, Eric and Frederic S. Lee. 2003–2004. “Post Keynesian Economics since 1936: A History of a Promise That Bounced?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.2: 273–287.

Walters, B. and D. Young. 1997. “On the Coherence of Post-Keynesian Economics,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 44.3: 329–349.

(4) Methodology
In essence, there are three, partly overlapping, methodologies proposed for Post Keynesian economics:

(1) Critical realism;

(2) the Babylonian approach of Sheila Dow (1990; 1996), and

(3) Paul Davidson’s (1996) “generalising” methodology.

See the following:

Beed, Clive. 1991. “Philosophy of Science and Contemporary Economics: An Overview,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13.4: 459–494.

Bhaskar, Roy. 2008. A Realist Theory of Science (2nd edn.), Verso, London.

Brown, A. “Critical Realism,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 121–126.

Brown, Andrew. 2000–2001. “A Comment on Dow’s ‘Post Keynesianism and Critical Realism: What Is the Connection?,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.2: 349–355.

Colander, David, Holt, Richard P.F. and J. Barkley Rosser Jr. 2007–2008. “Live and Dead Issues in the Methodology of Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 30.2: 303–312.

Davis, J. B. 1987. “Three Principles of Post Keynesian Methodology,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9.4: 552–564.

Davidson, Paul. 1996. “Reality and Economic Theory,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.4: 479–508.

Dow, Sheila C. 1982. “Neoclassical Tautologies and the Cambridge Controversies: Reply,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.1: 132–134.

Dow, Sheila C. 1982–1983. “Substantive Mountains and Methodological Molehills: A Rejoinder,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.2: 304–330.

Dow, Sheila C. 1990. “Beyond Dualism,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 14.2: 143–157.

Dow, Sheila C. 1990. “Post Keynesianism as Political Economy: A Methodological Discussion,” Review of Political Economy 2.3: 345–358.

Dow, Sheila C. 1996. The Methodology of Macroeconomic Thought: A Conceptual Analysis of Schools of Thought in Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Dow, Sheila C. 1999. “Post Keynesianism and Critical Realism: What Is the Connection?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 15–33.

Dow, Sheila C. 2001. “Post Keynesian Methodology,” in Richard P.F. Holt and Steven Pressman (eds.), A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York. 11–20.

Dow, Sheila C. 2003. “Understanding the Relationship between Mathematics and Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.4: 547–560.

Dow, Sheila C. 2004. “Structured Pluralism,” Journal of Economic Methodology 11.3: 275–290.

Dow, Sheila C. 2005. “Axioms and Babylonian Thought: A Reply,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 385–391.

Dow, Sheila. 2012. “Babylonian Mode of Thought,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 15–19.

Dow, Sheila. 2013. “Methodology and post-Keynesian Economics,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics, Volume 2. Critiques and Methodology. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.

Dunn, S. P. 2008. The ‘Uncertain’ Foundations of Post Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London.

Fullbrook, Edward. 2009. Ontology and Economics: Tony Lawson and his Critics. Routledge, New York.

Harcourt, G. C. and P. A. Riach (eds), 1997. A “Second Edition” of The General Theory (Vol. 1), Routledge, London.

Harcourt, G. C. and P. A. Riach (eds), 1997. A “Second Edition” of The General Theory (Vol. 2), Routledge, London.

Jespersen, Jesper. 2009. Macroeconomic Methodology: A Post-Keynesian Perspective. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Glos. and Northampton, MA.

Jespersen, Jesper. 2012. “Macroeconomic Methodology”, in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 379–383.

Katzner, Donald W. 2003. “Why Mathematics in Economics?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.4: 561–574.

King, J. E. 2002. A History of Post Keynesian Economics since 1936. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA.

King, J. E. 2005. “Unwarping the Record: A Reply to Paul Davidson,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 377–384.

Lavoie, Marc. “History and Methods of Post-Keynesian Economics,” in Eckhard Hein and Engelbert Stockhammer (eds.), A Modern Guide to Keynesian Macroeconomics and Economic Policies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 2011.

Lawson, Tony. 1994. “The Nature of Post Keynesianism and Its Links to Other Traditions: A Realist Perspective,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 16.4: 503–538.

Lawson, Tony. 1997. Economics and Reality. Routledge, London.

Lawson, Tony. 1999. “Connections and Distinctions: Post Keynesianism and Critical Realism,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 3–14.

Lawson, Tony. 2003. Reorienting Economics. Routledge, London.

Lawson, Tony. 2006. “The Nature of Heterodox Economics,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 30: 483–505.

Lawson, Tony and H. Pesaran (eds.). 1989. Keynes’ Economics: Methodological Issues. Routledge, London.

Lewis, Paul and Jochen Runde. 1999. “A Critical Realist Perspective on Paul Davidson’s Methodological Writings on- and Rhetorical Strategy for- Post Keynesian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 35–56.

Loasby, B. J. 1984. “On Scientific Method,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.3: 394–410.

Martins, Nuno Ornelas. 2009. “Sen's Capability Approach and Post Keynesianism: Similarities, Distinctions, and the Cambridge Tradition,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 31.4: 691–706.

McKenna, Edward J. and Diane C. Zannoni. 1999. “Post Keynesian Economics and Critical Realism: A Reply to Parsons,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 57–70.

Parsons, Stephen D. 1996. “Post Keynesian Realism and Keynes’ General Theory,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.3: 419–441.

Phelps, Michael G. 1980. “Laments, Ancient and Modern: Keynes on Mathematical and Econometric Methodology,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 2.4: 482–493.

Popper, Karl R. 1978. “Three Worlds,” The Tanner Lecture on Human Values, Delivered at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978.
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Popper, Karl R. 1979. Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach (rev. edn.). Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Rotheim, Roy J. 1999. “Post Keynesian Economics and Realist Philosophy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 71–103.

Ruccio, David F. 1991. “Postmodernism and Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13.4: 495–510.

Sardoni, Claudio. 1989–1990. “Chapter 18 of the General Theory: Its Methodological Importance,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 12.2: 293–307.

Walters, Bernard and David Young. 1997. “On the Coherence of Post-Keynesian Economics,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 44.3: 329–349.

Walters, Bernard and David Young. 1999. “Is Critical Realism the Appropriate Basis for Post Keynesianism?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 105–123.

Wiles, Peter. 1979–1980. “Ideology, Methodology, and Neoclassical Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 2.2: 155–180.

(5) Uncertainty
Barkley Rosser, J. 2001. “Uncertainty and Expectations,” in R. P. F. Holt and S. Pressman (eds), 2001. A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York. 52–64.

Barkley Rosser, J. 2001. “Alternative Keynesian and Post Keynesian Perspectives on Uncertainty and Expectations,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.4: 545–566.

Boylan, Tom and Paschal O’Gorman. “Post-Keynesian Economics, Rationality, and Conventions,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 2: Critiques and Methodology. Oxford University Press, New York. 62–79.

Brady, Michael Emmett. “The Economic Consequences of G. L. S. Shackle’s Ignorance of Keynes’s Theory of Probability, Uncertainty, and Decision Making,” SSRN paper
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Crocco, M. 2002. “The Concept of Degrees of Uncertainty in Keynes, Shackle, and Davidson,” Nova Economia 12.2: 11–28.

Davidson, P. 1982–1983. “Rational Expectations: A Fallacious Foundation for Studying Crucial Decision Making Processes,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.2: 182–198.

Davidson, P. 1988. “A Technical Definition of Uncertainty and the Long Run Non-Neutrality of Money,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 12: 329–337.

Davidson, P. 1991. “Is Probability Theory Relevant for Uncertainty? A Post Keynesian Perspective,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5.1: 129–143.

Davidson, P. 1993. “The Elephant and the Butterfly: Or Hysteresis and Post Keynesian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.3: 309–322.

Davidson, P. 1996. “Reality and Economic Theory,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.4: 479–508.

Davidson, P. 2004. “Uncertainty and Monetary Policy,” in P. Mooslechner, H. Schuberth, M. Schürz (eds), Economic Policy under Uncertainty: The Role of Truth and Accountability in Policy Advice. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA.

Davidson, P. 2010. “Black Swans and Knight’s Epistemological Uncertainty: Are These Concepts also Underlying Behavioral and Post-Walrasian Theory?” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 32.4: 567–570.

Dempster, G. M. 1999. “Austrians and Post Keynesians: The Questions of Ignorance and Uncertainty,” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 2.4: 73–81.

Dequech, D. 1999. “Expectations and Confidence under Uncertainty,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.3: 415–430.

Dequech, David. 2000. “Fundamental Uncertainty and Ambiguity,” Eastern Economic Journal 26.1: 41–60.

Dequech, David. 2008. “Varieties of Uncertainty: A Survey of the Economic Literature,”
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Dequech, David. 2011. “Uncertainty: A Typology and Refinements of Existing Concepts,” Journal of Economic Issues 45.3: 621–640.

Dixon, R. 1986. “Uncertainty, Unobstructedness, and Power,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 8.4: 585–590.

Dunn, S. P. 2001. “Bounded Rationality is not Fundamental Uncertainty: A Post Keynesian Perspective,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.4: 567–587.

Dunn, S. P. 2008. The ‘Uncertain’ Foundations of Post Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London.

Dunn, S. P. 2012. “Non-Ergodicity,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA. 434–439.

Feduzi, Alberto, Runde, Jochen and Carlo Zappia. 2014. “De Finetti on Uncertainty,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 38.1: 1–21.

Ferderer, J. P. 1993. “Does Uncertainty Affect Investment Spending?” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 16.1: 19–35.

Ferrari-Filho, F. and O. A. Camargo Conceição. 2005. “The Concept of Uncertainty in Post Keynesian Theory and in Institutional Economics,” Journal of Economic Issues 39.3: 579–594.

Fontana, G. and B. Gerrard, 2004. “A Post Keynesian Theory of Decision Making Under Uncertainty,” Journal of Economic Psychology 25: 619–637.

Garner, C. Alan. 1982. “Uncertainty, Human Judgment, and Economic Decisions,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 4.3: 413–424.

Gerrard, B. 1994. “Animal Spirits,” in P. Arestis and M. Sawyer (eds), The Elgar Companion to Radical Political Economy. Elgar, Aldershot. 15–19.

Glickman, M. 1994. “The Concept of Information, Intractable Uncertainty, and the Current State of the ‘Efficient Markets’ Theory: A Post Keynesian View,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 16.3: 325–349.

Glickman, M. 2003. “Uncertainty,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics. E. Elgar Pub., Cheltenham, UK and Northhampton, MA. 366–370.

Hodgson, Geoffrey M. 2011. “The Eclipse of the Uncertainty Concept in Mainstream Economics,” Journal of Economic Issues 45.1: 159–175.

Hoogduin, L. 1987. “On the Difference between the Keynesian, Knightian and the ‘Classical’ Analysis of Uncertainty and the Development of a More General Monetary Theory,” De Economist 135.1: 52–65.

Keynes, J. M. 1937. “The General Theory of Employment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 51: 209–223.

King, J. E. 2002. A History of Post Keynesian Economics since 1936. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA. Chapter 9, pp. 181–202.

Koppl, R. 1991. “Retrospectives: Animal Spirits,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5.3: 203–210.

Kregel, J. A. 1976. “Economic Methodology in the Face of Uncertainty: The Modelling Methods of Keynes and the Post-Keynesians,” Economic Journal 86.342: 209–225.

Langlois, R. 1994. “Risk and Uncertainty,” in Peter J. Boettke (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics. E. Elgar, Aldershot. 118–122.

Lawson, T. 1985. “Uncertainty and Economic Analysis,” Economic Journal 95: 909–927.

Lawson, T. 1988. “Probability and Uncertainty in Economic Analysis,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 11.1: 38–65.

McCann, Charles R. 1994. Probability Foundations of Economic Theory. Routledge, London.

Minsky, H. P. and C. J. Whalen, 1996–1997. “Economic Insecurity and the Institutional Prerequisites for Successful Capitalism,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.2: 155–170.

O’Donnell, Rod. 2013. “Two Post-Keynesian Approaches to Uncertainty and Irreducible Uncertainty,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 2: Critiques and Methodology. Oxford University Press, New York. 124–142.

Ravetz, J. 1994–1995. “Economics as an Elite Folk Science: The Suppression of Uncertainty,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.2: 165–184.

Runde, Jochen. 1994. “Keynesian Uncertainty and Liquidity Preference,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 18.2: 129–144.

Runde, Jochen. 1998. “Clarifying Frank Knight’s Discussion of the Meaning of Risk and Uncertainty,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 22.5: 539–546.

Runde, Jochen. 2000. “Shackle on Probability,” in Stephen F. Frowen and Peter Earl (eds.), Economics as an Art of Thought: Essays in Memory of G. L. S. Shackle. Routledge, New York.

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Setterfield, M. 1998. “Path Dependency and Animal Spirits: A Reply,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.1: 167–170.

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Shackle, George L. S. 1955. Uncertainty in Economics and Other Reflections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Skidelsky, R. 2009. Keynes: The Return of the Master. Perseus Books Group, New York. Chapter 4.

Stohs, Mark. 1980. “‘Uncertainty’ in Keynes’ General Theory,” History of Political Economy 12.3: 372–382.

Terzi, A. 2010. “Keynes’s Uncertainty is not about White or Black Swans,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 32.4: 559–565.

Voss, Stefan. 2012. “When Keynes and Minsky meet Mandelbrot …,” in Jesper Jespersen and Mogens Ove Madsen (eds.), Keynes’s General Theory for Today: Contemporary Perspectives. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 113–130.

(6) Endogenous Money
Arestis, P. and P. Howells. 1996. “Theoretical Reflections on Endogenous Money: The Problem with ‘Convenience Lending,’” Cambridge Journal of Economics 20: 539–552.

Arestis, P. and M. Sawyer. 2006. “The Nature and the Role of Monetary Policy when Money is Endogenous,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 30.6: 847–860.

Arestis, P. and M. Sawyer (eds). 2006. A Handbook of Alternative Monetary Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, Mass.

Arestis, P. and I. Biefang-Frisancho Mariscal. 1995. “The Endogenous Money Stock: Empirical Observations from the United Kingdom,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.4: 545–559.

Bell, S. 2001. “The Role of the State and the Hierarchy of Money,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 25.2: 149–163.

Chick, Victoria and Sheila Dow. 2002. “Monetary Policy with Endogenous Money and Liquidity Preference: A Nondualistic Treatment,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24.4: 587–607.

Cottrell, Allin. 1994. “Endogenous Money and the Multiplier,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.1: 111–120.

Cripps, Francis. 1983. “What is Wrong with Monetarism?,” in Karel Jansen (ed.). Monetarism, Economic Crisis and the Third World. Frank Cass, London and Totowa, N.J. 55–68.

Dalziel, Paul. 1996. “The Keynesian Multiplier, Liquidity Preference, and Endogenous Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.3: 311–331.

Dalziel, Paul. 1999–2000. “A Post Keynesian Theory of Asset Price Inflation with Endogenous Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.2: 227–245.

Fand, David I. 1988. “On the Endogenous Money Supply,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.3: 386–389.

Fontana, G. 2000. “Post Keynesians and Circuitists on Money and Uncertainty: An Attempt at Generality,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.1: 27–48.

Fontana, Giuseppe. 2009. Money, Uncertainty and Time. Routledge, London and New York.

Fontana, G. 2002. “The Making of Monetary Policy in Endogenous Money Theory: An Introduction,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24.4: 503–509.

Fontana, G. 2003. “Post Keynesian Approaches to Endogenous Money: A Time Framework Explanation,” Review of Political Economy 15.3: 291–314.

Fontana, G. 2004. “Rethinking Endogenous Money: A Constructive Interpretation of the Debate Between Horizontalists and Structuralists,” Metroeconomica 55.4: 367–385.

Fontana, G. 2004. “Hicks on Monetary Theory and History: Money as Endogenous Money,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 28.1: 73–88.

Fontana, Giuseppe and Alfonso Palacio-Vera. 2003. “Is There an Active Role for Monetary Policy in the Endogenous Money Approach?,” Journal of Economic Issues 37.2: 511–517.

Fontana, Giuseppe and Venturino, Ezio. 2003. “Endogenous Money: An Analytical Approach,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 50: 398–416.

Fullwiller, S. T. 2013. “An Endogenous Money Perspective on the Post-Crisis Monetary Policy Debate,” Review of Keynesian Economics 1.2: 171–194.

Graziani, Augusto. 2003. The Monetary Theory of Production. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Howells, Peter G. A. 1995. “The Demand for Endogenous Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.1: 89–106.

Howells, P. 2006. “The Endogeneity of Money: Empirical Evidence,” in P. Arestis and M. Sawyer (eds), A Handbook of Alternative Monetary Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, Mass. 52–68.

Howells, Peter G. A. 1997. “The Demand for Endogenous Money: A Rejoinder,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 429–435.

Jarsulic, Marc. 1989. “Endogenous Credit and Endogenous Business Cycles,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 12.1: 35–48.

Kaldor, N. 1939. “Speculation and Economic Activity,” Review of Economic Studies 7: 1–27.

Kaldor, N. 1982. The Scourge of Monetarism. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.

Lavoie, Marc. 1984. “The Endogenous Flow of Credit and the Post Keynesian Theory of Money,” Journal of Economic Issues 18.3: 771–797.

Lavoie, Marc. 1985. “The Post Keynesian Theory of Endogenous Money: A Reply,” Journal of Economic Issues 19.3: 843–848.

Lavoie, Marc. 1985. “Credit And Money: Overdraft Economies, And Post-Keynesian Economics,” in M. Jarsulic (ed.), Money and Macro Policy. Kluwer-Nijhoff, Boston; Kluwer Academic Pub., Hingham, MA. 63-84.

Lavoie, Marc. 1992. Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economic Analysis. Elgar, Aldershot.

Lavoie, Marc. 1996. “Horizontalism, Structuralism, Liquidity Preference and the Principle of Increasing Risk,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 43.3: 275–300.

Meulendyke, Ann-Marie. 1988. “Can the Federal Reserve Influence Whether the Money Supply Is Endogenous? A Comment on Moore,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.3: 390–397.

Moore, Basil J. 1979. “The Endogenous Money Stock,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 2.1: 49–70.

Moore, Basil J. 1988. Horizontalists and Verticalists: The Macroeconomics of Credit Money. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.

Moore, Basil J. 1997. “Reconciliation of the Supply and Demand for Endogenous Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 423–428.

Musella, M. 2001. “Endogenous Money and Credit,” in P. Anthony O’Hara (ed.), Encyclopedia of Political Economy. Volume 1. A–K. Routledge, London and New York. 259–261.

Paganelli, Maria Pia. 2006. “Hume and Endogenous Money,” Eastern Economic Journal 32.3: 533–547.

Palacio-Vera, Alfonso. 2001. “The Endogenous Money Hypothesis: Some Evidence from Spain (1987–1998),” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.3: 509–526.

Palley, T. I., 2002, “Endogenous Money: What It is and Why It Matters,” Metroeconomica 53: 152–180.

Palley, Thomas I. 1987–1988. “Bank Lending, Discount Window Borrowing, and the Endogenous Money Supply: A Theoretical Framework,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.2: 282–303.

Palley, Thomas I. 1991. “The Endogenous Money Supply: Consensus and Disagreement,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13.3: 397–403.

Palley, Thomas I. 1996. Post Keynesian Economics: Debt, Distribution, and the Macro Economy. St. Martin’s Press, New York.

Palley, Thomas I. 1997. “Endogenous Money and the Business Cycle.” Journal of Economics 65.2: 133–149.

Piegay, P. 2003. “Post Keynesian Controversies on Endogenous Money: An Alternative Interpretation,” in L.-P. Rochon and S. Rossi (eds), Modern Theories of Money: The Nature and Role of Money in Capitalist Economies. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, Mass.

Pollin, Robert. 1991. “Two Theories of Money Supply Endogeneity: Some Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13.3: 366–396.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe. 1999. “The Creation and Circulation of Endogenous Money: A Circuit Dynamique Approach,” Journal of Economic Issues 33.1: 1–21.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe. 1999. Credit, Money, and Production: An Alternative Post-Keynesian Approach. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe. 2000. “The Creation and Circulation of Endogenous Money: A Reply to Pressman,” Journal of Economic Issues 34.4: 973–979.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe and Sergio Rossi (eds.). 2006. Endogenous Money: The Evolutionary Versus Revolutionary Views. Centro di studi bancari, RME Lab, Vezia.

Rousseas, Stephen. 1998. Post Keynesian Monetary Economics (3rd end.), Macmillan, London.

Setterfield, M. 2000. “Expectations, Endogenous Money, and the Business Cycle: An Exercise in Open Systems Modeling,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.1: 77–105.

Setterfield, M. (ed.). 2006. Complexity, Endogenous Money and Macroeconomic Theory: Essays in Honour of Basil J. Moore. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA.

Shanmugam, B., Nair, M. and Ong, W. L. 2003. “The Endogenous Money Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia (1985–2000),” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.4: 599–611.

Wray, L. R. 1990. Money and Credit in Capitalist Economies: The Endogenous Money Approach. E. Elgar, Aldershot, Hants, England and Brookfield, Vt., USA.

Wray, L. R. 1998. Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Wray, L. Randall. 2003–2004. “Loanable Funds, Liquidity Preference, and Endogenous Money: Do Credit Cards Make a Difference?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.2: 309–323.

(7) Fiscal Policy
Arestis, Philip and Malcolm Sawyer. 2003. “Reinventing Fiscal Policy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.1: 3–25.

Câmara Neto, Alcino F. and Matias Vernengo. 2004–2005. “Fiscal Policy and the Washington Consensus: A Post Keynesian Perspective,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.2: 333–343.

Chand, Sheetal K. 1984. “A Keynesian Fiscal Policy and the New Classical Macroeconomics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.4: 509–522.

Cunningham, Steven R. and Jon Vilasuso. 1994–1995. “Is Keynesian Demand Management Policy Still Viable?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.2: 187–210.

Eichner, Alfred S. 1988. “The Reagan Record: A Post Keynesian View,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.4: 541–556.

Fazzari, Steven M. 1994–1995. “Why Doubt the Effectiveness of Keynesian Fiscal Policy?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.2: 231–248.

Hjelm, Göran. 2006–2007. “‘Expansionary Fiscal Contractions’: A Standard Keynesian Explanation,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 29.2: 327–358.

Mitchell, William and Martin Watts. 2012. “Full Employment,” in John E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 229–236.

Musgrave, Richard A. 1987–1988. “U.S. Fiscal Policy, Keynes, and Keynesian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.2: 171–182.

Nevile, J. W. 2012. “Fiscal Policy,” in John E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 224–229.

Pelagidis, Theodore and Evangelia Desli. 2004. “Deficits, Growth, and the Current Slowdown: What Role for Fiscal Policy?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26. 3: 461–469.

Peterson, Wallace C. and Paul S. Estenson. 1985. “The Recovery: Supply-Side or Keynesian?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.4: 447–462.

Pressman, S. 2001. “The Role of the State and the State Budget,” in Richard P. F. Holt and Steven Pressman (eds.), A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York. 102–113.

Ward, Terry. 1982. “Mrs. Thatcher’s Economic Strategy in Practice,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 4.4: 516–530.

(8) Inflation
Arestis, Philip and M. Sawyer. 2005. “Aggregate Demand, Conflict and Capacity in the Inflationary Process,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 29.6: 959–974.

Eisner, Robert. 1994. “Challenge to the Natural Rate Doctrine,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.1: 159–161.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. “Inflation Theory,” in Marc Lavoie, Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 541–573.

Meltzer, Allan H. 1988. “Economic Policies and Actions in the Reagan Administration,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.4: 528–540.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe. 2007. “The State of Post Keynesian Interest Rate Policy: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 30.1: 3–11.

Rochon, Louis-Philippe and Mark Setterfield. 2007. “Interest Rates, Income Distribution, and Monetary Policy Dominance: Post Keynesians and the ‘Fair Rate’ of Interest,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 30.1: 13–42.

Rowthorn, R. 1977. “‘Conflict, Inflation and Money,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1.3: 215–239.

Sawyer, Malcolm. 2006. “Inflation Targeting and Central Bank Independence: We Are All Keynesians Now! or Are We?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.4: 639–652.

Setterfield, M. 2007. “The Rise, Decline and Rise of Incomes Policies in the US during the Post-War Era: An Institutional-Analytical Explanation of Inflation and the Functional Distribution of Income,” Journal of Institutional Economics 3.2: 127–146.

Sicsú, João. 2001. “Credible Monetary Policy: A Post Keynesian Approach,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.4: 669–687.

Smithin, John. 2012. “Inflation,” in John E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 288–293.

Setterfield, M. 2007. “The Rise, Decline and Rise of Incomes Policies in the US during the Post-War Era: An Institutional-Analytical Explanation of Inflation and the Functional Distribution of Income,” Journal of Institutional Economics 3.2: 127–146.

Wray, L. Randall. 1997. “Deficits, Inflation, and Monetary Policy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.4: 543–571.

Wray, L. Randall. 2007. “A Post Keynesian View of Central Bank Independence, Policy Targets, and the Rules versus Discretion Debate,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 30.1: 119–141.

Wray, L. Randall. 2001. “Money and Inflation,” in Richard P. F. Holt and Steven Pressman (eds.), A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York. 79–91.

(9) Price Theory
Davidson, P. 1992. “Would Keynes be a New Keynesian?,” Eastern Economic Journal 18.4: 449–463.

Downward, Paul. 1999. Pricing Theory in Post-Keynesian Economics: A Realist Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA.

Downward, Paul and Frederic Lee. 2001. “Post Keynesian Pricing Theory ‘Reconfirmed’? A Critical Review of Asking about Prices,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.3: 465–483.

Hall, R. L. and C. J. Hitch. 1939. “Price Theory and Business Behaviour,” Oxford Economic Papers 2: 12–45.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1985. Economics Without Equilibrium. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Kalecki, M. 1954. Theory of Economic Dynamics. Allen and Unwin, London.

Kalecki, M. 1971. Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Lavoie, Marc. 2001. “Pricing,” in Richard P. F. Holt and Steven Pressman (eds.), A New Guide to Post-Keynesian Economics. Routledge, London and New York. 21–31.

Lee, Frederic S. 1998. Post Keynesian Price Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.

Melmiès, J. 2010. “New-Keynesians Versus Post-Keynesians on the Theory of Prices,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 32.3: 445-466.

Melmiès, J. 2012. “Price Rigidity,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 452–456.

Means, G. C. 1992 [1933]. “The Corporate Revolution,” in Frederic S. Lee and Warren J. Samuels (eds.), The Heterodox Economics of Gardiner C. Means: A Collection. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Means, G. C. 1935. Industrial Prices and their Relative Inflexibility. US Senate Document no. 13, 74th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington DC.

Means, G. C. 1936. “Notes on Inflexible Prices,” American Economic Review 26 (Supplement): 23–35.

Means, G. C. 1939–1940. “Big Business, Administered Prices, and the Problem of Full Employment,” Journal of Marketing 4: 370–381.

Means, G. C. 1962. Pricing Power and the Public Interest. Harper and Brothers. New York.

(10) Trade Theory
Baiman, R. 2010. “The Infeasibility of Free Trade in Classical Theory: Ricardo’s Comparative Advantage Parable has No Solution,” Review of Political Economy 22.3: 419–437.

Bairoch, Paul. 1993. Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes. Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York and London.

Brewer, A. 1985. “Trade with Fixed Real Wages and Mobile Capital,” Journal of International Economics 18: 177–186.

Chang, Ha-Joon. 2002. Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. Anthem Press, London.

Chang, Ha-Joon. 2008. Bad Samaritans: Rich Nations, Poor Policies, and the Threat to the Developing World. Random House Business, London.

Chang, Ha-Joon and Ilene Grabel. 2004–2005. “Reclaiming Development from the Washington Consensus,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.2: 273–291.

Cripps, Francis and Wynne Godley. 1978. “Control of Imports as a Means to Full Employment and the Expansion of World Trade: The UK’s Case,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 2.3: 327–334.

Davidson, Paul. 2011. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century (2nd edn). Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. pp. 249–256.

Davidson, Paul. 2015. “Is International Free Trade always Beneficial?,” in Paul Davidson, Post Keynesian Theory and Policy: A Realistic Analysis of the Market Oriented Capitalist Economy. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. 124–135.

Duffield, J. 2010. ‘Ricardian ‘Comparative Advantage’ is Illusory,” Real-World Economics Review 54 (27 September). 62–78.
http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue54/Duffield54.pdf

Fletcher, Ian. 2011. Free Trade Doesn’t Work: What Should Replace It and Why (2nd edn.). Coalition for a Prosperous America, Sheffield, MA.

Hudson, Michael. 2010. America’s Protectionist Takeoff, 1815–1914: The Neglected American School of Political Economy (new edn.). Islet, Dresden.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. “The Nemesis of Free Trade,” in N. Kaldor, Further Essays on Applied Economics. Duckworth, London. 234–241.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. “The Foundations of Free Trade Theory and their Implications for the Current World Recession,” in E. Malinvaud and J. P. Fitoussi (eds), Unemployment in Western Countries. MacMillan Press, London. 85–100.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1981. “The Role of Increasing Returns, Technical Progress and Cumulative Causation in the Theory of International Trade and Economic Growth,” Économie Appliquée 34.4: 593–617.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1985. Economics Without Equilibrium. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y. pp. 68–75.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1996. Causes of Growth and Stagnation in the World Economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

King, John Edward. 2013. David Ricardo. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. pp. 81–88, 104–106.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. pp. 507–512.

McCombie, John S. L. 1997. “On the Empirics of Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 345–375.

McCombie, J. S. L. 1993. “Economic Growth, Trade Interlinkages, and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.4: 471–505.

Marangos, John. 2001. “International Trade Policies for Transition Economies: The Post Keynesian Alternative,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.4: 689–704.

Norman, Neville R. 1996. “A General Post Keynesian Theory of Protection,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.4: 509–531.

Nowell, Gregory P. 2002–2003. “Imperialism and the Era of Falling Prices,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.2: 309–329.

Palley, Thomas I. “The Free Trade Debate: A Left Keynesian Gaze.”
http://www.thomaspalley.com/docs/articles/international_markets/freetrade_debate.pdf

Palley, Thomas I. 2008. “Institutionalism and New Trade Theory: Rethinking Comparative Advantage and Trade Policy,” Journal of Economic Issues 42.1: 195–208.

Parrinello, Sergio. 1988. “‘On Foreign Trade’ and the Ricardian Model of Trade,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.4: 585–601.

Parrinello, S. 2006. “National Competitiveness and Absolute Advantage in a Global Economy,” Dipartimento di Economia pubblica, Working paper 95, University of Rome “La Sapienza.”

Prasch, Robert E. 1995. “Reassessing Comparative Advantage: The Impact of Capital Flows on the Argument for Laissez-Faire,” Journal of Economic Issues 29.2: 427–433.

Prasch, Robert E. 1996. “Reassessing the Theory of Comparative Advantage,” Review of Political Economy 8.1: 37–56.

Pullen, John. 2006. “Did Ricardo really have a Law of Comparative Advantage? A Comparison of Ricardo’s Version and the Modern Version,” History of Economics Review 44: 59–75.

Reinert, Erik S. 2007. How Rich Countries Got Rich, and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor. Carroll & Graf, New York.

Rider, Christine. 1982. “Trade Theory Irrelevance,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 4.4: 594–601.

Robinson, Joan. 1973. “The Need for a Reconsideration of the Theory of International Trade,” in M. B. Connolly and A. K. Swoboda (eds.), International Trade and Money: The Geneva Essays. Allen and Unwin, London. 15–25.

Robinson, Joan. 1974. Reflections on the Theory of International Trade. The University Press, Manchester.

Robinson, Joan. 1977. “What Are the Questions?,” Journal of Economic Literature 15.4: 1318–1339, at 1333–1336.

Robinson, Joan. 1979. Aspects of Development and Underdevelopment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.

Ruffin, Roy J. 2002. “David Ricardo’s Discovery of Comparative Advantage,” History of Political Economy 34.4: 727–748.

Shaikh, A. 2007. “Globalization and the Myth of Free Trade,” in A. Shaikh (ed.), Globalization and the Myths of Free Trade: History, Theory, and Empirical Evidence. Routledge, London 50–68.

Skott, Peter and Jaime Ros. 1997. “The ‘Big Push’ in an Open Economy with Nontradable Inputs,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 20.1: 149–162.

Steedman, I. 1999. “Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities and the Open Economy,” Metroeconomica 50.3: 260–276.

Tomer, John F. 1987. “Developing Organizational Comparative Advantage via Industrial Policy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9.3: 455–472.

(11) Against Wicksellian Loanable Funds Theory
Bibow, Jörg. 2001. “The Loanable Funds Fallacy: Exercises in the Analysis of Disequilibrium,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 25.5: 591–616.

Cuaresma, Jesús Crespo and Ernest Gnan. 2007. “The Natural Rate of Interest: Which Concept? Which Estimation Method? Which Policy Conclusions?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 29.4: 667–688.

Davidson, Paul. 1968. “Money, Portfolio Balance, Capital Accumulation, and Economic Growth,” Econometrica 36.2: 291–321.

Gaynor, W. B. 1992. “The Transformation of the Natural Rate of Interest into The General Theory’s State of Long-Term Expectations,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 16.1: 55–68.

Hayes, Mark. 2006. The Economics of Keynes: A New Guide to The General Theory. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 80–81, 108–117, 184–185.

Hayes, M. G. 2010. “The Loanable Funds Fallacy: Saving, Finance and Equilibrium,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 34.4: 807–820.

Hicks, John. 1980–1981. “‘IS-LM’: An Explanation,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 3.2: 139–154.

Keen, Steve. 2011. Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor Dethroned? (rev. and expanded edn.). Zed Books, London and New York.

Keynes, J. M. 1937. “Alternative Theories of the Rate of Interest,” The Economic Journal 47.186: 241–252.

Lavoie, Marc. 2009. Introduction to Post-Keynesian Economics (2nd rev. edn.). Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. 55–56.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Palley, Thomas I. 1996. Post Keynesian Economics: Debt, Distribution, and the Macro Economy. St. Martin’s Press, New York. 151–153.

Pivetti, Massimo. 2012. “Rate of Interest,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 474–478.

Pollin, Robert. 2012. “Saving,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 484–489.

Richardson, David R. 1986. “Asimakopulos on Kalecki and Keynes on Finance, Investment and Saving,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 10.2: 191–198.

Rogers, C. 1989. Money, Interest and Capital: A Study in the Foundations of Monetary Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Chapter 2.

Rousseas, Stephen. 1985. “A Markup Theory of Bank Loan Rates,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 8.1: 135–144.

Sraffa, P. 1932a. “Dr. Hayek on Money and Capital,” Economic Journal 42: 42–53.

Sraffa, P. 1932b. “A Rejoinder,” Economic Journal 42 (June): 249–251.

Werner, Richard A. 2014. “Can Banks individually create Money out of Nothing? – The Theories and the Empirical Evidence,” International Review of Financial Analysis 36: 1–19.

Wray, L. Randall. 2003–2004. “Loanable Funds, Liquidity Preference, and Endogenous Money: Do Credit Cards Make a Difference?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.2: 309–323.

(12) Kaldor’s Growth Laws and Verdoorn’s Law
Overviews
Blankenburg, Stephanie and Gabriel Palma. 2012. “Economic Development,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 138–143.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. pp. 428–430.

Advanced
Alexiadis, Stilianos and Dimitrios Tsagdis. 2006. “Reassessing the Validity of Verdoorn’s Law under Conditions of Spatial Dependence: A Case Study of the Greek Regions,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 29.1: 149–175.

Blitch, Charles P. 1983. “Allyn Young on Increasing Returns,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 359–372.

Casillas, Luis R. 1993–1994. “Kaldor versus Prebisch on Employment and Industrialization,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 16.2: 269–288.

Chatterji, M. and Michael R. Wickens. 1983. “Verdoorn’s Law and Kaldor’s Law: A Revisionist Interpretation?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 397–413.

Felipe, Jesus. 1998. “The Role of the Manufacturing Sector in Southeast Asian Development: A Test of Kaldor’s First Law,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 20.3: 463–485.

Gomulka, Stanislaw. 1983. “Industrialization and the Rate of Growth: Eastern Europe 1955–75,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 388–396.

Hildreth, Andrew. 1988–1989. “The Ambiguity of Verdoorn’s Law: A Case Study of the British Regions,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 11.2: 279–294.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1966. Causes of Slow Rate of Economic Growth of the United Kingdom: An Inaugural Lecture. Cambridge University Press, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas, 1968. “Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industry: A Reply,” Economica 35.140: 385–391.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1975. “Economic Growth and the Verdoorn Law: A Comment on Mr Rowthorn’s Article,” Economic Journal 85.340: 891–896.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1967. Strategic Factors in Economic Development. Ithaca, New York.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. Further Essays on Economic Theory. Duckworth, London.

McCombie, John S. L. 1983. “Kaldor’s Laws in Retrospect,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 414–429.

McCombie, John S. L. 1998–1999. “In Defense of Kaldor: A Comment on Casillas’s ‘Kaldor versus Prebisch on Employment and Industrialization,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.2: 353–361.

McCombie, John S. L. and John R. De Ridder. 1983. “Increasing Returns, Productivity, and Output Growth: The Case of the United States,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 373–387.

Michl, Thomas R. 1985. “International Comparisons of Productivity Growth: Verdoorn’s Law Revisited,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.4: 474–492.

Parikh, A. 1978. “Differences in Growth Rates and Kaldor’s Laws,” Economica 45: 83–91.

Rima, Ingrid H. 2004. “China’s Trade Reform: Verdoorn’s Law Married to Adam Smith’s ‘Vent for Surplus’ Principle,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.4: 729–774.

Rima, Ingrid H. 2004. “Increasing Returns, New Growth Theory, and the Classicals,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.1: 171–184.

Rowthorn, R. E. 1975. “What remains of Kaldor’s Law?,” Economic Journal 85: 10–19.

Skott, Peter. 1999. “Kaldor’s Growth Laws and the Principle of Cumulative Causation,” in M. Setterfield (ed.), Growth, Employment and Inflation: Essays in Honour of John Cornwall. St Martin’s Press, New York. 166–179.

Skott, Peter and Paul Auerbach. 1995. “Cumulative Causation and the ‘New’ Theories of Economic Growth,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 17.3: 381–402.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1983a. “A Plain Man’s Guide to Kaldor’s Growth Laws,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 345–358.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1983b. “Introduction” (Symposium: Kaldor’s Growth Laws), Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.3: 341–344.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1997. “Reflections on the Concept of Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 377–385.

Verdoorn, Petrus J. 1949. “Fattori che Regolano lo Sviluppo della Produttività del Lavoro,” L’Industria 1: 3–11.

Verdoorn, Petrus J. 1980. “Verdoorn’s Law in Retrospect: A Comment,” The Economic Journal 90: 382–385.

Verdoorn, Petrus J. 2002 [1949]. “Factors that Determine the Growth of Labour Productivity,” in John McCombie, Maurizio Pugno, and Bruno Soro (eds.), Productivity Growth and Economic Performance. Essays on Verdoorn’s Law. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. 28–36. [translation of Verdoorn 1949].

Whiteman, John L. 1987. “Productivity and Growth in Australian Manufacturing Industry,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9.4: 576–592.

Wolfe, J. N. 1968. “Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industry: Some Reflections on Professor Kaldor’s Inaugural Lecture,” Economica 35.138: 117–126.

Young, Allyn. 1928. “Increasing Returns and Economic Progress,” Economic Journal 38: 527–542.

(13) Thirlwall’s Law
Overviews
McCombie, John S. L. 2012. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Economic Growth,” in J. E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 19–24.

Davidson, Paul. 2011. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century (2nd edn). Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. pp. 246–249, 312.

Lavoie, Marc. 2014. Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. pp. 518–529.

Advanced
Alonso, José A. and Carlos Garcimartín. 1998–1999. “A New Approach to Balance-of-Payments Constraint: Some Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.2: 259–282.

Ansari, M., Hashemzadeh, N. and Y. Xi. 2000. “The Chronicle of Economic Growth in Southeast Asian Countries: Does Thirlwall’s Law Provide an Adequate Explanation?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.4: 573–588.

Atesoglu, H. Sonmez. 1993. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth: Evidence from the United States,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.4: 507–514.

Atesoglu, H. Sonmez. 1997. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model and Its Implications for the United States,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 327–335.

Bekö, Jani. 2003. “The Validity of the Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model for a Small Economy in Transition: The Case of Slovenia,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.1: 69–93.

Bértola, Luis, Higachi, Hermes and Gabriel Porcile. 2002. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth in Brazil: A Test of Thirlwall’s Law, 1890–1973,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.1: 123–140.

Blecker, Robert A. 1998. “International Competitiveness, Relative Wages, and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 20.4: 495–526.

Davidson, Paul. 1990–1991. “A Post Keynesian Positive Contribution to ‘Theory,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics13.2: 298–303.

Dutt, Amitava Krishna. 2002. “Thirlwall’s Law and Uneven Development,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24.3: 367–390.

Hieke, Hubert. 1997. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for the U.S. Economy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 313–325.

León-Ledesma, Miguel A. 1999. “An Application of Thirlwall's Law to the Spanish Economy,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.3: 431–439.

López G., Julio and Alberto Cruz B. 2000. “‘Thirlwall’s Law’ and beyond: The Latin American Experience,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.3: 477–495.

Loría, Eduardo. 2003. “The Mexican Economy: Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model: The Importance of the Exchange Rate, 1970–1999,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.4: 661–691.

McCombie, John S. L. 1993. “Economic Growth, Trade Interlinkages, and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.4: 471–505.

McCombie, John S. L. 1997. “On the Empirics of Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.3: 345–375.

McCombie, J. S. L. and A. P. Thirlwall. 1994. Economic Growth and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint. Macmillan Press, New York and Basingstoke.

McCombie, J. S. L. and A. P. Thirlwall (eds.). 2004. Essays on Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: Theory and Evidence. Routledge, London.

Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos. 1998–1999. “On Capital Flows and the Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.2: 283–298.

Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos and Esteban Pérez. 1999. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth in Central America: 1950–96,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.1: 131–147.

Pugno, Maurizio. 1998. “The Stability of Thirlwall’s Model of Economic Growth and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 20.4: 559–581.

Razmi, Arslan. 2005. “Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model: The Case of India,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.4: 655–687.

Sasaki, Hiroaki. 2008–2009. “North-South Ricardian Trade and Growth under the Balance-of-payments Constraint,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 31.2: 299–324.

Setterfield, M. 2011. “The Remarkable Durability of Thirlwall’s Law,” PSL Quarterly Review 64: 393–427.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1979. “The Balance of Payments Constraint as an Explanation of International Growth Rate Differences,” Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 128.791: 45–53.

Thirlwall, A. P. 2011. “Balance of Payments Constrained Growth Models: History and Overview,” PSL Quarterly Review 64.259: 307–351.

Thirlwall, A. P. and M. N. Hussain. 1982. “The Balance of Payments Constraint, Capital Flows and Growth Rate Differences between Developing Countries,” Oxford Economic Papers 34: 498–509.

Vera, Leonardo V. 2006. “The Balance-of-Payments-Constrained Growth Model: A North-South Approach,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 29.1: 67–92.

(14) Cambridge Capital Controversies
Arestis, Philip, Palma, Gabriel and Malcolm Sawyer (eds.). 1997. Capital Controversy, Post-Keynesian Economics and the History of Economic Thought. Routledge, London.

Cohen, Avi J. 1984. “The Methodological Resolution of the Cambridge Controversies,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.4: 614–629.

Cohen, Avi J. 1985. “Issues in the Cambridge Controversies,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.4: 612–615.

Cohen, Avi J. and G. C. Harcourt. 2003. “Retrospectives: Whatever happened to Cambridge Capital Controversies?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17.1: 199–214.

Dow, Sheila C. 1980. “Methodological Morality in the Cambridge Controversies,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 2.3: 368–380.

Fine, Ben. 2012. “Capital Theory,” in John E. King (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics (2nd edn.). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 68–74.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1969. “Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital,” Journal of Economic Literature 7.2: 369–405.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1972. Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

King, J. 2002. “Those Cambridge Controversies,” in J. E. King, A History of Post Keynesian Economics since 1936. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA. 79–102.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1976. “The Cambridge Controversies: Old Ways and New Horizons-Or Dead End?,” Oxford Economic Papers n.s. 28.1: 25–65.

Robinson, Joan V. 1953–1954. “The Production Function and the Theory of Capital,” Review of Economic Studies 21.2: 81–106.

Salanti, Andrea. 1982. “Neoclassical Tautologies and the Cambridge Controversies,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.1: 128–131.

(15) On the Work of George L. S. Shackle
Carter, C. 1993. “George Shackle and Uncertainty: A Revolution Still Awaited,” Review of Political Economy 5.2: 127–137.

Carvalho, Fernando. 1983–1984. “On the Concept of Time in Shacklean and Sraffian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.2: 265–280.

Ford, J. L. 1993. “G. L. S. Shackle: A Brief Bio-Bibliographical Portrait,” Journal of Economic Studies 12.1/2: 3–12.

Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin. 1981. “Notes on an Economic Querist: G. L. S. Shackle,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 4.1: 136–144.

Perlman, M. 2005. “Memorialising George L. S. Shackle: A Centennial Tribute,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 29.2: 171–178.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1952. Expectation in Economics (2nd edn), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1955. Uncertainty in Economics: And Other Reflections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1958. Time in Economics (Professor Dr. F. de Vries lectures, 1957), North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1967. The Years of High Theory: Invention and Tradition in Economic Thought 1926–1939. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1969 Decision, Order and Time in Human Affairs (2nd edn), Cambridge University Press, London.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1972. Epistemics and Economics: A Critique of Economic Doctrines. Cambridge University Press, London.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1974. Keynesian Kaleidics: The Evolution of a General Political Economy. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1976. Time and Choice (Keynes lecture in Economics, 1976), British Academy, London.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1988. Business, Time and Thought: Selected Papers of G.L.S. Shackle (ed. S. F. Frowen), Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Shackle, G. L. S. 1990. Time, Expectations and Uncertainty in Economics: Selected Essays of G. L. S. Shackle (ed. J. L. Ford), Elgar, Aldershot.

Stephen, F. H. 1986. “Decision Making under Uncertainty: In Defence of Shackle,” Journal of Economic Studies 13.5: 45–57.

(16) On the Work of Hyman Minsky
Hyman P. Minsky Archive.

Minsky, H. P. 1982. Can “It” Happen Again?: Essays on Instability and Finance. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Minsky, H. P. 1986. Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.

Minsky, H. P. 1992. The Financial Instability Hypothesis. Working papers (Jerome Levy Economics Institute) ; no. 74.

Minsky, H. P. 2008 [1975]. John Maynard Keynes. McGraw-Hill, New York and London.

Papadimitriou, Dimitri B. and L. Randall Wray (eds.). 2010. The Elgar Companion to Hyman Minsky. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

Wray, L. Randall. 2016. Why Minsky Matters: An Introduction to the Work of a Maverick Economist. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

(17) Bibliography of Nicholas Kaldor’s Work
A complete bibliography of Kaldor’s writings can be found in Targetti, Ferdinando. 1992. Nicholas Kaldor: The Economics and Politics of Capitalism as a Dynamic System (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

Books and Biographies on Kaldor
Thirlwall, A. P. 1987. Nicholas Kaldor. Wheatsheaf, Brighton.

Targetti, Ferdinando. 1992. Nicholas Kaldor: The Economics and Politics of Capitalism as a Dynamic System. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Nell, Edward J. and Willi Semmler (eds.). 1991. Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics: Confrontation or Convergence?. St. Martin’s Press, New York.

Turner, Marjorie S. 1993. Nicholas Kaldor and the Real World. M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Targetti F. and A. P. Thirlwall. 1989. The Essential Kaldor. Duckworth, London.

King, J. E. 2009. Nicholas Kaldor. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York.

Books by Nicholas Kaldor
Kaldor, N. 1960. Essays on Economic Stability and Growth. Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, N. 1964. Essays on Economic Policy (vol. 1). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, N. 1964. Essays on Economic Policy (vol. 2). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, N. 1966. The Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth of the United Kingdom: An Inaugural Lecture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1967. Strategic Factors in Economic Development. Ithaca, New York.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. Further Essays on Economic Theory. Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. Essays on Value and Distribution (2nd edn.). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, N. 1982. The Scourge of Monetarism. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.

Kaldor, Nicolas. 1983. The Economic Consequences of Mrs. Thatcher. Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1985. Economics Without Equilibrium. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Kaldor, N. 1989. Further Essays on Economic Theory and Policy (ed. by F. Targetti and Α. P. Thirlwall). Holmes & Meier, New York.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1996. Causes of Growth and Stagnation in the World Economy (ed. by Carlo Filippini, Ferdinando Targetti, A. P. Thirlwall). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Collected Works of Nicholas Kaldor
There are 9 volumes of collected works of Nicholas Kaldor: volumes 1 and 2 both have first and second editions. There is a PDF of the contents pages of these collected works here.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1960. Essays on Value and Distribution (1st edn.; Collected Economic Essays volume 1). G. Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. Essays on Value and Distribution (2nd edn.; Collected Economic Essays volume 1). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1960. Essays on Economic Stability and Growth (1st edn.; Collected Economic Essays volume 2). G. Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. Essays on Economic Stability and Growth (2nd edn.; Collected Economic Essays volume 2). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1964. Essays on Economic Policy – Volume One (Collected Economic Essays volume 3). Duckworth, London.
I. Policies for Full Employment; II. The Control of Inflation; III. The Problem of Tax Reform

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1964. Essays on Economic Policy – Volume Two (Collected Economic Essays volume 4). Duckworth, London.
IV. Policies for International Stability; V. Country Studies

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. Further Essays on Economic Theory (Collected Economic Essays volume 5). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. Further Essays on Applied Economics (Collected Economic Essays volume 6). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. Reports on Taxation 1 (Collected Economic Essays volume 7). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. Reports on Taxation II (Collected Economic Essays volume 8). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, N. 1989. Further Essays on Economic Theory and Policy (ed. by F. Targetti and Α. P. Thirlwall; Collected Economic Essays volume 9). Duckworth, London.

Articles by Nicholas Kaldor
Kaldor, Nicholas. 1934. “A Classificatory Note on the Determinateness of Equilibrium,” The Review of Economic Studies 1.2: 122–136.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1934. “Mrs. Robinson’s ‘Economics of Imperfect Competition,’” Economica n.s. 1.3: 335–341.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1934. “The Equilibrium of the Firm,” Economic Journal 44: 60–76.

Kaldor, N. 1935. “Market Imperfection and Excess Capacity,” Economica n.s 2.5: 33–50.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1937. “Annual Survey of Economic Theory: The Recent Controversy on the Theory of Capital,” Econometrica 5.3: 201–233.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1938. “Stability and Full Employment,” The Economic Journal 48. 192: 642–657.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1939. “Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility,” The Economic Journal 49.195: 549–552.

Kaldor, Ν. 1939. “Capital Intensity and the Trade Cycle,” Economica 6: 40–66. [reprinted Kaldor 1960: 120–147]

Kaldor, N. 1939. “Speculation and Economic Stability,” Review of Economic Studies 7: 1–27. [reprinted in Kaldor 1960: 17–58]

Kaldor, N. 1939. “Money Wage Cuts in Relation to Unemployment: A Reply to Mr. Somers,” Review of Economic Studies 6: 232–235.

Kaldor, N. 1939. “Principles of Emergency Finance,” The Banker 51: 149–156.

Kaldor, N. 1940. “The Trade Cycle and Capital Intensity: A Reply,” Economica n.s. 7.25: 16–22.

Kaldor, N. 1940. “A Model of the Trade Cycle,” Economic Journal 50: 78–95. [reprinted in Kaldor 1960: 177–192]

Kaldor, N. 1941. “Employment and Equilibrium. A Theoretical Discussion,” Economic Journal 51: 458–473. [reprinted in Kaldor 1960: 83–100]

Kaldor, N. 1941. “The White Paper on National Income and Expenditure,” Economic Journal 51: 181–191.

Kaldor, N. 1942. “Professor Hayek and the Concertina-Effect,” Economica n.s. 9.36: 359–382.

Kaldor, N. 1942. “Models of Short-Period Equilibrium,” Economic Journal 52: 250–258.

Kaldor, N. and T. Barna. 1943. “The 1943 White Paper on National Income and Expenditure,” Economic Journal 53: 259–274.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1945–1946. “The German War Economy,” The Review of Economic Studies 13.1: 33–52.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1949. “The Economic Aspects of Advertising,” The Review of Economic Studies 18.1: 1–27.

Kaldor, N. 1955. An Expenditure Tax. George Allen & Unwin, London.

Kaldor, N. 1956. “Report of a Survey on Indian Tax Reform,” Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Delhi.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1957. “Capitalist Evolution in the Light of Keynesian Economics,” Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics 18.1–2: 173–182.

Kaldor, Nicolas. 1957. “A Model of Economic Growth,” Economic Journal 67: 591–624.

Kaldor, Ν. 1960. “A Rejoinder to Mr. Pindlay,” Review of Economic Studies 27.3: 179–181.

Kaldor, N. 1960. Suggestions for a Comprehensive Reform of Direct Taxation. Government Publications Bureau, Colombo.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1960. “The Radcliffe Report,” The Review of Economics and Statistics 42.1: 14–19.

Kaldor, N. 1961. “Increasing Returns and Technical Progress: A Comment on Professor Hicks’s Article,” Oxford Economic Papers 13.1: 1–4.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1961. “Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth,” in F. A. Lutz and D. C. Hague (eds.), The Theory of Capital. Macmillan, London.

Kaldor, N. 1962. “Comment,” Review of Economic Studies 29.3: 246–250.

Kaldor, Nicholas and James A. Mirrlees. 1962. “A New Model of Economic Growth,” The Review of Economic Studies 29.3: 174–192.

Kaldor, N. 1963. “Will underdeveloped Countries learn to Tax?,” Foreign Affairs 41.2: 410–419. K

Kaldor, N. 1964. “The Role of Taxation in Economic Development,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Economic Policy. Volume 1. Duckworth, London. 225–254.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “International Trade and Economic Development,” Journal of Modern African Studies 2.4: 491–511.

Hart, A. G., Nicholas Kaldor, and Jan Tinbergen. 1964. “The Case for an International Commodity Reserve Currency,” in Nicholas Kaldor (ed.), Essays on Economic Policy (vol. 2). Norton, New York. 131–177.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “Panel Discussion,” in W. Baer and I. Kerstenetsky (eds.), Inflation and Growth in Latin America, Irwin, Homewood, Il. 465–469, 485–487, 499–500.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “A Positive Policy for Wages and Dividends,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Economic Policy. Volume 1. Duckworth, London. 111–127.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “Prospects of a Wages Policy for Australia,” Economic Record 40.90: 145–155.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “A Memorandum on the Value-Added Tax,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Economic Policy. Volume I. Duckworth, London. 266–293.

Kaldor, Ν. 1964. “Economic Problems of Chile,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Economic Policy. Volume II. Duckworth, London. 233–287.

Kaldor, N. 1964. “Dual Exchange Rates and Economic Development,” Economic Bulletin for Latin America 9.2: 214–223. [reprinted in Kaldor 1964]

Kaldor, N. 1966. “Distribution, theory of,” Chambers’s Encyclopaedia (rev. edn.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. 557–561.

Kaldor, Ν. 1966. “Marginal Productivity and Macroeconomic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani,” Review of Economic Studies 33.4: 309–319. [reprinted in G. C. Harcourt and N. F. Laing. Capital and Growth. Penguin, Harmondsworth]

Kaldor, N. 1967. “Taxation in Developing States,” in D. Krivine (ed.), Fiscal and Monetary Problems in Developing States. Praeger, New York. 209–219.

Kaldor, Nicholas, 1968. “Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industry: A Reply,” Economica 35.140: 385–391.

Kaldor, N. 1969. “The Choice of Technology in Less Developed Countries,” Monthly Labor Review 92.8: 50–53.

Kaldor, N. 1970. “The New Monetarism,” Lloyds Bank Review 97: 1–18. [reprinted in Kaldor 1978: 1–21]

Kaldor, N. 1970. “The Case for Regional Policies,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 17.3: 337–348.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1972. “The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics,” Economic Journal 82: 1237–1252.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1975. “What is Wrong with Economic Theory,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 89.3: 347–357. [reprinted in Kaldor 1978: 202–213].

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1975. “Economic Growth and the Verdoorn Law: A Comment on Mr Rowthorn’s Article,” Economic Journal 85.340: 891–896.

Kaldor, N. 1976. “Inflation and Recession in the World Economy,” Economic Journal 86: 703–714.

Kaldor, N. 1977. “Capitalism and Industrial Development: Some Lessons from Britain’s Experience,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1.2: 193–204.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. “The Nemesis of Free Trade,” in N. Kaldor, Further Essays on Applied Economics. Duckworth, London. 234–241.

Kaldor, N. 1978. “The Role of Industrialisation in Latin American Inflations,” in N. Kaldor (ed.), Further Essays on Applied Economics (Collected Economic Essays volume 6). Duckworth, London. 119–137.

Kaldor, N. 1978. “The Effect of Devaluations on Trade in Manufactures,” in N. Kaldor (ed.), Further Essays on Applied Economics (Collected Economic Essays volume 6). Duckworth, London. 99–118.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1978. “The Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth of the United Kingdom,” in N. Kaldor, Further Essays on Economic Theory (Collected Economic Essays volume 5). Duckworth, London. 100–138.

Kaldor, N. 1980. “General Introduction,” in Collected Economic Essays (vol. 1). Duckworth, London.

Kaldor, Ν. 1980. “Public or Private Enterprise: The Issues to be Considered,” in W. J. Baumol (ed.), Public and Private Enterprise in a Mixed Economy: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association in Mexico City, Macmillan, London. 1–14.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1980. “The Foundations of Free Trade Theory and their Implications for the Current World Recession,” in E. Malinvaud and J. P. Fitoussi (eds.), Unemployment in Western Countries. MacMillan Press, London. 85–100.

Kaldor, Ν. 1980. “Alternative Theories of Value and Distribution,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Value and Distribution (2nd edn). Duckworth, London. 209–236.

Kaldor, Ν. 1980. “The Controversy on the Theory of Capital,” in N. Kaldor, Essays on Value and Distribution (2nd edn). Duckworth, London. 153–205.

Kaldor, N. 1981. Origins of the New Monetarism. University College Cardiff Press, Cardiff. [reprinted in Kaldor 1989: 160–177]

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1981. “The Role of Increasing Returns, Technical Progress and Cumulative Causation in the Theory of International Trade and Economic Growth,” Économie Appliquée 34.4: 593–617. [reprinted in Targetti and Thirlwall 1989]

Kaldor, N. 1981. “Fallacies on Monetarism,” Kredit and Kapital 4: 451–462.

Kaldor, N. and J. Trevithick. 1981. “A Keynesian Perspective on Money,” Lloyds Bank Review 139: 1–19.

Kaldor, N. 1982. “Limitations of the ‘General Theory,’” Proceedings of the British Academy 68: 259–273. [reprinted in Kaldor 1989: 74–89]

Kaldor, N. 1982. “Keynes as an Economic Adviser,” in A. P. Thirlwall (ed.), Keynes as a Policy Adviser. Macmillan, London. 2–33.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1982. “The Radcliffe Report and Monetary Policy,” in N. Kaldor, The Scourge of Monetarism. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. 2–36.

Kaldor, N. 1983. “Keynesian Economics after Fifty Years,” in D. Worswick and J. Trevithick (eds.), Keynes and the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1–28.

Kaldor, N. 1983. “The Role of Commodity Prices in Economic Recovery,” Lloyds Bank Review 149: 21–33.

Kaldor, N. 1985. “How Monetarism Failed,” Challenge 28.2: 4–13.

Kaldor, N. 1985. “Piero Sraffa 1898–1983,” Proceedings of the British Academy 71: 615–640.

Kaldor, Ν. 1986. “Recollections of an Economist,” Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 156: 3–26 [reprinted in Kaldor 1989: 13–37]

Kaldor, N. 1986. “The Role of Effective Demand in the Short and in the Long Run,” in A. Barrere (ed.), Keynes Today: Theories and Policies. Macmillan, London. [reprinted in Kaldor 1989: 90–99]

Kaldor, N. 1986. “Limits on Growth,” Oxford Economic Papers 38.2: 187–198.

Kaldor, N. 1989. “The Role of Commodity Prices in Economic Recovery,” in N. Kaldor, Further Essays on Economic Theory and Policy (ed. by F. Targetti and Α. P. Thirlwall). Duckworth, London. 235–250.

(18) Alfred Mitchell Innes and the Credit Theory of Money
Mitchell Innes, A. 1913. “What is Money?,” Banking Law Journal 30.5: 377–408. (reprinted in L. R. Wray (ed.). 2004. Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 14–49).

Mitchell Innes, A. 1914. “The Credit Theory of Money,” Banking Law Journal 31.2: 151–168 (reprinted in L. R. Wray (ed.). 2004. Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. 50–78).

Wray, L. R. (ed.), Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

(19) On the Work of Paul Davidson
Davidson, Paul. 1972. Money and the Real World. Macmillan, London.

Davidson, Paul and Sidney Weintraub. 1973. “Money as Cause and Effect,” The Economic Journal 83.332: 1117–1132.

Davidson, Paul. 1978. “Why Money Matters: Lessons from a Half-Century of Monetary Theory,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 1.1: 46–70.

Davidson, Paul. 1978. Money and the Real World (2nd edn.). Macmillan, London.

Davidson, Paul. 1980. “The Dual-Faceted Nature of the Keynesian Revolution: Money and Money Wages in Unemployment and Production Flow Prices,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 2.3: 291–307.

Davidson, Paul. 1982–1983. “Rational Expectations: A Fallacious Foundation for Studying Crucial Decision Making Processes,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 5.2: 182–198.

Davidson, Paul. 1983. “The Marginal Product Curve is not the Demand Curve for Labor and Lucas’s Labor Supply Function is not the Supply Curve for Labor in the Real World,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.1: 105–117.

Davidson, Paul. 1984. “Reviving Keynes’s Revolution,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 6.4: 561–575.

Davidson, Paul. 1985. “Sidney Weintraub: An Economist of the Real World,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.4: 533–539.

Davidson, Paul. 1985. “Can Effective Demand and the Movement toward Further Income Equality be maintained in the Face of Robotics? An Introduction,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.3: 422–425.

Davidson, Paul. 1985. “Liquidity and not increasing Returns is the Ultimate Source of Unemployment Equilibrium,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 7.3: 373–384.

Davidson, Paul. 1986. “Finance, Funding, Saving, and Investment,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9.1: 101–110.

Davidson, Paul. 1986–1987. “The Simple Macroeconomics of a Nonergodic Monetary Economy versus a Share Economy: Is Weitzman's Macroeconomics too Simple?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9.2: 212–225.

Davidson, Paul. 1987–1988. “A Modest Set of Proposals for Resolving the International Debt Problem,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.2: 323–338.

Davidson, Paul. 1987. “Sensible Expectations and the Long-Run Non-Neutrality of Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 10.1: 146–153.

Davidson, Paul. 1988. “A Technical Definition of Uncertainty and the Long Run Non-Neutrality of Money,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 12: 329–337.

Davidson, Paul. 1989. “The Economics of Ignorance or Ignorance of Economics?,” Critical Review 3.3/4: 467–487.

Davidson, Paul. 1990. The Collected Writings of Paul Davidson. Vol. 1. Money and Employment (ed. Louise Davidson). Macmillan, London.

Davidson, Paul. 1990–1991. “A Post Keynesian Positive Contribution to ‘Theory,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13.2: 298–303.

Davidson, Paul. 1991. “Is Probability Theory Relevant for Uncertainty? A Post Keynesian Perspective,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5.1: 129–143.

Davidson, Paul. 1992. “Would Keynes be a New Keynesian?,” Eastern Economic Journal 18.4: 449–463.

Davidson, Paul. 1992–1993. “Reforming the World’s Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.2: 153–179.

Davidson, Paul. 1993. “The Elephant and the Butterfly: Or Hysteresis and Post Keynesian Economics,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 15.3: 309–322.

Davidson, Paul. (ed.). 1993. Can the Free Market Pick Winners?: What Determines Investment. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.

Davidson, Paul. 1993. “Austrians and Post Keynesians on Economic Reality: Rejoinder to Critics,” Critical Review 7.2/3: 423–444.

Davidson, Paul. 1994. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century. Edward Elgar Publishing, Aldershot.

Davidson, Paul. 1996. “Reality and Economic Theory,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18.4: 479–508.

Davidson, Paul. 1996. “What Revolution? The Legacy of Keynes,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19.1: 47–60.

Davidson, Paul. 1997. “Are Grains of Sand in the Wheels of International Finance Sufficient to do the job when Boulders are often Required?,” The Economic Journal 107.442: 672–686.

Davidson, Paul. 1999. “Keynes’ Principle of Effective Demand versus the Bedlam of the New Keynesians,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21.4: 571–588.

Davidson, Paul. 1999. The Collected Writings of Paul Davidson. Vol. 3. Uncertainty, International Money, Employment and Theory (ed. Louise Davidson). Macmillan, London.

Davidson, Paul. 1999–2000. “Capital Movements, Tobin Tax, and Permanent Fire Prevention: A Response to De Angelis,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 22.2: 197–206.

Davidson, Paul. 2000. “There are Major Differences between Kalecki’s Theory of Employment and Keynes’s General Theory of Employment Interest and Money,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.1: 3–25.

Davidson, Paul. 2001. “The Principle of Effective Demand: Another View,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 23.3: 391–409.

Davidson, Paul. 2002. “Globalization,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24.3: 475–492.

Davidson, Paul. 2002. Financial Markets, Money, and the Real World. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

Davidson, Paul. 2002. “Keynes versus Kalecki: Responses to López and Kriesler,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24.4: 631–641.

Davidson, Paul (ed.). 2002. A Post Keynesian Perspective on Twenty-First Century Economic Problems. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Davidson, Paul. 2003. “Is ‘Mathematical Science’ An Oxymoron when used to describe Economics? Is ‘Mathematical Science’ an Oxymoron when used to Describe Economics?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 25.4: 527–545.

Davidson, Paul. 2003–2004. “Setting the Record Straight on ‘A History of Post Keynesian Economics,’” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.2 245–272.

Davidson, Paul. 2004. “Uncertainty and Monetary Policy,” in P. Mooslechner, H. Schuberth, M. Schürz (eds), Economic Policy under Uncertainty: The Role of Truth and Accountability in Policy Advice. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA.

Davidson, Paul. 2004. “The Future of the International Financial System,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 26.4: 591–605.

Davidson, Paul. 2004–2005. “A Post Keynesian View of the Washington Consensus and How to improve it,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.2: 207–230.

Davidson, Paul. 2005. “Galbraith and the Post Keynesians,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.1: 103–113.

Davidson, Paul. 2005. “Galbraith and the Post Keynesians,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.1: 103–113.

Davidson, Paul. 2005. “Responses to Lavoie, King, and Dow on what Post Keynesianism is and who is a Post Keynesian,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 27.3: 393–408.

Davidson, Paul. 2006. “The Declining Dollar, Global Economic Growth, and Macro Stability,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.3: 473–493.

Davidson, Paul. 2006. “Can, or Should, a Central Bank Inflation Target?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 28.4: 689–703.

Davidson, Paul. 2008. “Is the Current Financial Distress caused by the Subprime Mortgage Crisis a Minsky Moment? Or is it the Result of Attempting to securitize Illiquid Noncommercial Mortgage Loans?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 30.4: 669–676.

Davidson, Paul. 2008. “Crude Oil Prices: ‘Market Fundamentals’ or Speculation,” Challenge 51.4: 110–118.

Davidson, Paul. 2009. The Keynes Solution: The Path to Global Economic Prosperity (1st edn). Palgrave Macmillan, New York and Basingstoke.

Davidson, Paul. 2009. John Maynard Keynes (rev. edn.). Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Davidson, Paul. 2009. “Reforming the World’s International Money,”
http://www.i-r-e.org/fiche-analyse-183_en.html

Davidson, Paul. 2008. “Reforming the World’s International Money,” Real-World Economics Review 48 (December 6): 293–305.

Davidson, Paul. 2010. “Black Swans and Knight’s Epistemological Uncertainty: Are These Concepts also Underlying Behavioral and Post-Walrasian Theory?” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 32.4: 567–570.

Davidson, Paul. 2011. Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory: Foundation for Successful Economic Policies for the Twenty-First Century (2nd edn). Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.

Davidson, Paul. 2013. “Keynesian Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economics,” in G. C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics. Volume 1: Theory and Origins. Oxford University Press, New York. 122–137.

Davidson, Paul. 2013–2014. “Income Inequality and Hollowing out the Middle Class,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 36.2: 381–384.

Davidson, Paul. 2015. Post Keynesian Theory and Policy: A Realistic Analysis of the Market Oriented Capitalist Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK.

Davidson, Paul. 2015. “Is International Free Trade always Beneficial?,” in Paul Davidson, Post Keynesian Theory and Policy: A Realistic Analysis of the Market Oriented Capitalist Economy. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. 124–135.

Davidson, Paul. 2015. “What was the Primary Factor encouraging Mainstream Economists to Marginalize Post Keynesian Theory?,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 37.3: 369–383.

Further Reading
“A Bibliography on the History of Post Keynesian Economics (updated),” September 6, 2014.

“Post Keynesian Textbooks,” July 5, 2011.

“Bibliography on Post Keynesian Economics,” July 6, 2011.

“Endogenous Money: A Bibliography,” April 5, 2012.

“Bibliography on Post Keynesian Methodology,” September 16, 2013.

“Bibliography on Keynes’s Theory of Probability (Updated),” July 6, 2014.

“Bibliography on Uncertainty in Post Keynesian Economics (Updated),” May 21, 2014.

“Post Keynesian Economists: A List,” March 1, 2012.

“Post Keynesian Economics: A Revised Diagram,” April 15, 2014.

“A Third Revised Family Tree of Heterodox Economics,” April 14, 2014.

“A Third Revised Diagram of Economic Schools,” August 12, 2016.

“Bibliography on Debt Deflation,” October 16, 2012.

“Bibliography on the Origins of Money,” January 19, 2012.